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The review found that lack of support from healthcare providers, smoking for stress management, and acceptability of smoking in vulnerable communities were the three major barriers to smoking cessation among vulnerable groups

Lung cancer is a well-recognized negative consequence of the tobacco epidemic

Mendelian randomization (MR) is a genetic approach that uses genetic variants as instrumental variables to explore causal relations between exposures (e.g., alcohol consumption, tobacco smoking, cannabis use) and health outcomes (e.g., respiratory infections and diseases)

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By numbing these tissues, eugenol can inhibit the gag reflex or the natural protective instincts of the respiratory system